No hay fácil traducción en castellano para los términos ingleses “prevention” ("anticipación") y “preemption” ("prevención"). Los lingüistas tienen la palabra. Desde 2001, especialmente en 2003, el debate quedó fijado sobre esas distinciones, con tremendos efectos políticos, como era absolutamente lógico. Y es probable que el debate, en los términos dramáticos que conocemos, vuelva a reeditarse.
Para conocer el fondo de ambos conceptos y el estado del debate sobre la conveniencia y legitimidad de adoptar uno u otro modelo de guerra se puede acudir a la última entrega de Colin S. Gray publicada por
Preemption and prevention are different concepts. To preempt is to attempt to strike first against an enemy who is in the process of preparing, or is actually launching, an attack against you. Preemption is not controversial. The decision for war has been taken out of your hands. Prevention, however, is a decision to wage war, or conduct a strike, so as to prevent a far more dangerous context maturing in the future. To decide on preventive war is to elect to prevent a particular, very threatening strategic future from coming to pass. Despite much legal argument, there is no legal difficulty with either concept. The UN Charter, with its recognition of the inherent right of sovereign states to self-defense, as generally interpreted around the world does not require a victim or target state to suffer the first blow. To strike preventively in self-defense is legal, though it will usually be controversial. Preventive war is simply war, distinguishable only by its timing, and possibly its motivation.
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